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The resistance to scratching of a surface of paper by other paper surfaces or other materials.

Author's Correction

A transparent or translucent plastic sheet material of a variety of colors, used as a basis for artwork and overlays.

An acid-proof protective coating applied to metal plates prior to etching designs thereon. Bichromated solutions employed in photoengraving as sensitizers provide acid resist through the action of light on sensitized surface.

Light exposure that affects chemical changes in paper.

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A type size of 5 1/2 points. Reference, agate line.

Large white areas in a design layout.

A hand operated printing press made of iron.

A surface plate used in the lithography process; it has a photosensitive coating.

The condition of type and or art materials as they level up on a horizontal or vertical line.

A term for a random, coincidental path or a row of white space within a segment of copy.

Red-orange acetate used for masking mechanicals when photographing for plates. The amberlith area appears black to the camera, and prints clear on the resulting film.

In "web-fed" printing (printing on rolls of paper as opposed to single sheets), an angle bar is a metal bar that is used to turn paper between two components of the press.

A technique of paper making which hardens the surface by passing the paper through a bath of animal glue or gelatin.

An eleventh century Italian script typeface.

Paper with a rough, sized surface used for book and cover stock.

The white area of text (or illustrations) at the margins which form a foldout.

The hand application of color, through stencils onto a printed picture.

A light source produced by the passing of electric current between two electrodes; used in the production of plates in photolithography.

A symbol shaped like an arrowhead that is used in illustration to direct a leader line. Reference, leader line

Any materials or images that are prepared for graphic reproduction.

All illustrated material, ornamentation, photos and charts etc., that is prepared for reproduction.

A number set by the American Standards Assoc., which is placed on film stock to allow calculation of the length and "F" number of an exposure. Reference, "F" numbers.

Film negatives consisting of line and halftone copy which are used to make plates for printing.

Changes made after composition stage where customer is responsible for additional charges.

A printing method whereby the image is hand drawn or etched directly onto lithography plates or stones.

The light blue color used in the nomenclature of "laid" and "wove" papers.

A term referring to the margin which lies closest to the back of the book.

Print applied to both sides of a sheet of paper.

That portion of a photograph or line art drawing that appears furthest from the eye; the surface upon which the main image is superimposed.

Marks printed on signatures that indicate where the final fold will occur. When gathering and initial folding is completed, these marks appear as a stepped sequence.

A term used to describe the aesthetic or harmony of elements, whether they are photos, art or copy, within a layout or design.

A thin uncoated stock used for making carbon copies.

The primary headline usually spanning the entire width of a page.

A coating that is applied onto the non-printing side of paper to add to the opacity of that paper. Reference, opacity.

A three dimensional impression is which the image stands just slightly out from the flat background. References, blind emboss.

The foundation material onto which the film positives are stripped for making printing plates. Reference, photomechanical.

This term refers to a standard size of paper stock; even though the required size may be smaller or larger.

A design school in Germany where the Sans Serif font was originated.

The steel flat table of a cylinder printing press upon which the type sits during the printing process.

An abbreviation for boldface, used to determine where boldface copy is to be used. Reference, boldface.

A plate which is used in long print runs; the printing image is copper or brass, and the non-printing area is aluminum or stainless steel.

Various methods of securing folded sections together and or fastening them to a cover, to form single copies of a book.

An old style of typeface used in Germany in the 15th century, also referred to as Old English (US) and Gothic (UK).

A black paper used to protect photosensitive materials.

Darkening a portion of a sheet of paper due to the excessive pressure of the calendar roll. Reference, calendar.

A printing method in which there are two blanket cylinders through which a sheet of paper is passed and printed on both sides.

A design or bas relief impression that is made without using inks or metal foils.

Page number not printed on page.

Although seemingly dry, paper does contain approximately 5% moisture. In cases where there is excessive moisture, and the paper is passed through a high heat-drying chamber, the moisture within the paper actually boils and causes a bubble or blistering effect.

To sketch the primary areas and points of reference of an illustration in preparation for going to final design or production.

The adhesion of one coated sheet to another, causing paper tears or particles of the coating to shed away from the paper surface.

Any enlargement of photos, copies or line art.

The main shank or portion of the letter character other than the ascenders and descenders. Also: A term used to define the thickness or viscosity of printer's ink.

Repetitive blocks of type that are picked up and included routinely without recreating them.

The edges of folded sheets of paper, which are trimmed off in the final stages of production.

A general classification to describe papers used to print books; its standard size is 25x38 inches. A printed work which contains more than 64 pages.

A registration problem, usually on copiers, where the image appears to bounce back and forth. A bounce usually occurs in one direction depending on how the paper is passing through the machine. This is usually accented by card stock (especially if it's over the machine's spec). When a customer refuses a job for whatever reason.

A lightweight paper used expressly for covering paper boxes.

A coated paper used on the inside of boxes, which are used for food.

In layout design, the term for dividing or separating the art and copy elements into single color paste-up sheets.

A term given to the fold whereby paper is folded with the short side running with the grain.

A pamphlet that is bound in booklet form.

A photographic proof made by exposing a flat to UV light creating a brown image on a white background. Also referred to as silverprint.

A coarse sized cloth used in the bookbinding process.

A term used to define the number of pages per inch of a book relative to its given basis weight.

A process used in halftone photography that entails the temporary removal of the screen during exposure. This increases the highlight contrast and diminishes the dots in the whites.

A term used for the process of "rubbing down" lines and dots on a printing plate, which darkens those rubbed areas.

A binding technique that entails nicking the backfold in short lengths during the folding process, which allows glue to reach each individual leaf and create a strong bond.

A pigment made from cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide.

A series of metal rolls at the end of a paper machine; when the paper is passed between these rolls it increases its smoothness and glossy surface.

A dull coated paper, which is particularly useful in reproducing halftones and engravings.

A paperboard with a surface of simulated canvas, used for painting.

Instructions in the typesetting process that indicate the use of a capital letter to start a sentence and the rest of the letters in lower case.

A pigment made of elemental carbon and ash.

A chemical pulp paper (calcium carbonate), used mostly for the printing of magazines.

The stiff covers of a hardbound book.

A milk byproduct used as an adhesive in making coated papers.

A paper that is coated and then pressure dried using a polished roller which imparts an enamel like hard gloss finish.

Lines that appear on laid paper as a result of the wires of the papermaking machine.

A 13th century handwriting style which is the roots of italic design.

An aluminum silica compound used in gravure and screen printing inks. Also called kaolin.

A lead chromate yellow ink pigment.

A strong, easily folded boxboard with clay coating used for making folding boxes.

Stock (Text or Cover weight) coated with clay, white pigments and a binder. Better for offset printing because the ink remains on the surface of the sheet and is generally more vibrant. The coating can a gloss (shiny) or a matte (dull) finish.

A variety of inks that are in solid form originally but are melted in a hot press and then solidify when they contact paper.

Black step-marks printed on the back of folded sheets, to facilitate collating and checking of the sequence of book signatures.

A printers or publishers identifying symbol or emblem.

The processes of separating the primary color components for printing.

Transparent film containing a positive photographic color image.

Color registration measured within plus or minus one row of dots.

A narrow, elongated type face.

A halftone screen made on film of graded density, and used in a vacuum contact with the film.

The degree of tonal separation or gradation in the range from black to white.

Refers to any typewritten material, art, photos etc., to be used for the printing process.

Marks on a final printed sheet that indicate the trim lines or register indicators.

Delamination.

To eliminate a portion of the art or copy as indicated by crop marks.

Elements that cross page boundaries and land on two consecutive pages (usually rules).

A term used to describe the effect of ink from an image, rule or line art on one printed page, which carries over to another page of a bound work.

A term used in web press printing to describe the point at which a sheet of paper is cut from the roll; usually this dimension is equal to the circumference of the cylinder.

Sharp edged device, usually made of steel, to cut paper, cardboard, etc., on a printing press.

The gap in the cylinders of a press where the grippers or blanket clamps is housed.

An essential part of the printing process whereby cloth covered rubber rollers distributes the dampening solution to the plate.

The rough or feathered edge of paper when left untrimmed.

An instruction given to remove an element from a layout.

An optical device used by printers and photographers to measure and control the density of color.

The degree of tone, weight of darkness or color within a photo or reproduction; measurable by the densitometer. Reference, densitometer.

A light sensitive coal tar product used as a coating on presensitized plates, as well as overlay proofs.

A method of using sharp steel ruled stamps or rollers to cut various shapes i.e. labels, boxes, image shapes, either post press or in line. The process of cutting paper in a shape or design by the use of a wooden die or block in which are positioned steel rules in the shape of the desired pattern.

Color separation data is digitally stored and then exposed to color photographic paper creating a picture of the final product before it is actually printed.

A fine paper made specifically for the printing of diplomas, certificates and documents.

Any type that stands out from the rest of the type on a page which attracts attention of the reader.

A term in gravure printing which refers to the knife-edge that runs along the printing cylinder; its function is to wipe the excess ink away from the non-printing areas.

The smallest individual element of a halftone.

A method used by ink makers to determine the color, quality and tone of ink. It entails the drawing of a spatula over a drop of ink, spreading it flat over the paper.

The actual drilling of holes into paper for ring or comb binding.

A shadow image placed strategically behind an image to create the affect of the image lifting off the page.

Process in which a metal plate is etched to a depth of 0.15 mm (0.006 in), making a right-reading relief plate, printed on the offset blanket and then to the paper without the use of water.

Any matte finished paper.

Resembling finished piece in every respect except that the pages and cover are blank, used by the designer as a final check on the appearance and +feel+ of the book as a guide for the size and position of elements on the jacket.

Paper which has a different color or finish on each side.

Any ink that acquires its color by the use of aniline pigments or dyes. Reference, aniline

The assembly of characters into words, lines and paragraphs of text or body matter with graphic elements in page layout form in digital format for reproduction by printing.

Halftone screens in which the dots are actually elongated to produce improved middle tones.

A method of paper finishing whereby a pattern is pressed into the paper when it is dry.

A light sensitive substance used as a coating for film; made from a silver halide compound. This side should face the lens when the film is exposed.

Attaching the final sheet of a signature of a book to the binding.

A printing process whereby images such as copy or art are etched onto a plate. When ink is applied, these etched areas act as small wells to hold the ink; paper is forced against this die and the ink is lifted out of the etched areas creating raised images on the paper.

One who computes or approximates the cost of work to be done on which quotation may be based.

The use of smaller sized capitals at the beginning of a sentence without the use of larger sized caps.

That stage of the photographic process where the image is produced on the light sensitive coating.

A term in the binding process referring to folding and gathering.

Type that is quite varied in its use of very thin and very wide strokes.

The smoother side of paper, usually a soft weave pattern used for book papers.

A fault in printing where the ink fills in the fine line or halftone dot areas.

The surface quality of paper.

A symbol used in printing to indicate the index; seen as a pointing finger on a hand "+".

A term given to the lowest temperature of ignitibility of vapors given off by a substance.

Paper that is patterned by sizing, and than coated with powders of wool or cotton, (flock).

A bound book or booklet etc. having the cover trimmed to the same size as the text.

Lowering density of an image in a specific area usually to make type more legible while still letting image show through.

Markings at top edges that show where folds should occur.

Number of page at top or bottom either centered, flushed left or flushed right often with running headline.

The rollers that come into direct contact with the plate of a printing press.

In Binding, the process between folding sheets and casing in, such as rounding and backing, putting on headbands, reinforcing backs, etc.

Any paper that is free from wood pulp impurities.

A halo that appears around halftone dots.

The slurry mixture of fibers, water, chemicals and pigments, that is delivered to the Fourdrinier machine in the paper making process.

(old) flat oblong tray into which composed type matter is put and kept until made up into pages in the forme. Also a similar tray on a slug composing machine which receives the slugs as they are ejected. Also a long column of composed text matter

Old term for compositor.

The bundling of two or more different printing projects on the same sheet of paper.

Assembling sheets of paper and signatures into their proper sequence; collating.

Marring a print by the placement of an image of work printed on the reverse side which has interfered with its drying so that differences in the trapping frame colors or glass variations are apparent.

Sticking on gold leaf to edges of books with a liquid agent and made permanent with burnishing tools.

Quick drying oil based inks with low penetration qualities, used on coated stock.

An orange colored paper with gridlines, used to assemble materials for exposure for platemaking.

Direction of fibers in a sheet of paper governing paper properties such as increased size changes with relative humidity, across the grain, and better folding properties along the grain.

An intaglio or recessed printing process. The recessed areas are like wells that form the image as paper passes through.

The grippers of the printing press move the paper through the press by holding onto the leading edge of the sheet; this edge is the gripper edge.

The application of gum arabic to the non printing areas of a plate.

Printing registration that lies within the range of plus or minus one half row of dots. It is the thinnest of the standard printers' rules.

A high finish paper that is ideal for halftone printing.

The effect in a photograph where a dot has such a small degree of halation that the dot shows quite sharp.

Imperfections in presswork due to dirt on press, trapping errors, etc.

A halftone that is made utilizing only the highlight tones down through the middle tones.

The lightest tones of a photo, printed halftone or illustration. In the finished halftone, these highlights are represented by the finest dots.

An adhesive used in the binding process, which requires heat for application.

Inside back cover.

That portion of the printing plate that carries the ink and prints on paper.

Arrangement of pages so that they print correctly on a press sheet, and the pages are in proper order when the sheets are folded.

A relatively thick paper stock; basis size---25 1/2 x 30 1/2.

A term used to denote papers such as janitorial, sanitary or heavy packing papers.

A quality of paper to be resistant to ink absorption, allowing the ink to dry on the paper surface.

The inertial resistance to flow that occurs to ink as soon as it is printed.

Extra printed pages inserted loosely into printed pieces.

Extra blank pages inserted loosely into book after printing.

Text that is used to denote emphasis by slanting the type body forward.

A number assigned to a printing project used for record keeping and job tracking. Also used to retrieve old jobs for reprints or reworking by customer.

Vibrating, sloping platform that evens up the edges of stacks of paper.

The printing plate that is used as a guide for the other plates in the color printing process; it usually has the most detail.

Lines that are drawn on artwork that indicate the exact placement, shape and size of elements including halftones, illustrations etc.

A coarse unbleached paper used for printing and industrial products.

A parallel lined paper that has a handmade look.

Edge of a sheet of paper being fed into a printing press.

The dots or dashes used in type to guide the eye from one set of type to the next.

One of a number of folds (each containing two pages) which comprises a book or manuscript.

A stiff heavy business paper generally used for keeping records.

Printing that utilizes inked raised surfaces to create the image.

Any copy that can be reproduced without the use of halftone screens.

A paper that is coated with a special water-resistant material which is able to withstand the lithographic process.

A personalized type or design symbol for a company or product.

Paper that has had a coating applied to either one or two of its sides during the papermaking process.

A paper finish that results from the interaction of the paper with the Fourdrinier process as opposed to post machine embossing. Reference, Fourdrinier

Process of adjusting final plate on the press to fine tune or modify plate surface.

To write up instructions, as on a dummy.

A photo negative or positive used in the color separation process to color correct. Reference, PRINTING, mask.

A coated paper finish that goes through minimal calendaring. Reference, calendaring.

A term used to describe finished artwork that is camera ready for reproduction, including all type, photos, illustrations etc.

Commonly taken as the area between highlight and shadow area of a subject's face in halftone image.

A cotton fabric used on the dampening rollers of a printing press.

A term used to describe spotty or uneven ink absorption.

A specific test of tensile paper strength; an important factor if web presses are used for printing.

Film that contains the same images as the original print, except that all colors and shades are reversed. Reference, positive.

When the basis weight of paper differs from the actual weight, the term nominal weight is used.

Outside back cover.

Outside front cover.

The most commonly used printing method, whereby the printed material does not receive the ink directly from the printing plate but from an intermediary cylinder called a blanket which receives the ink from the plate and transfers it to the paper.

Indirect printing method in which the inked image on the press-plate is first printed onto a rubber blanket, then in turn offsets the inked impression on to the sheet of paper.

A light bond paper used for typing and used with carbon paper because of its thinness.

A quality of paper that allows relatively little light to pass through.

Any light sensitive surfaces that are not sensitive to red.

A cover of a book that extends over the trimmed signatures it contains.

A process of proof making whereby the color separations are individually exposed to light sensitive film. This film is then set in registration with a piece of white paper in the background.

Type that is set in excess of the allotted space.

The assemblage of all the necessary elements required to complete a page.

Films or other photographic materials that are sensitive to all colors.

A high-grade soft paper used for personal stationery because it accepts handwriting well.

A sheet that is larger than the cut stock of the same paper.

An ink having a high level of viscosity.

Delamination.

A term used to describe the binding process where the signatures of a book are held together by a flexible adhesive.

Printing both sides of the paper (or other material) on the same pass through the printing machine.

Punching small holes or slits in a sheet of paper or cardboard to facilitate tearing along a desired line.

Making printing plates by exposure of line and halftone negatives on sensitized metal, converting the image into an acid resist, and etching the print to the relief required for letterpress printing.

A photographic print creating an image using photography and electrostatic processes; also called a stat.

Standard of measurement, 1/6 inch. 1 pica = 12 points 72 points = 1 inch

An occurrence in printing whereby the tack of ink pulls fibers or coating off the paper surface, leaving spots on the printed surface.

Using metal pins fitted into preset holes of copy sheets, films, plates and presses that will assure the proper registration.

A method of binding books whereby holes are drilled on the side closest the spine, and a plastic grasping device is inserted to hold the pages together.

Reproduction of type or cuts in metal, plastic, rubber, or other material, to form a plate bearing a relief, planographic or intaglio printing surface.

Any bond, cover or bristol stock with an extremely smooth finish achieved by calendaring.

Photomechanical transfer.

Film that contains an image with the same tonal values as the original; opposite of a negative.

Any paper that is considered better than #1 by its manufacturer.

Actual press sheet to show image, tone values and colors as well as imposition of frame or press-plate.

The quality of papers to show reproduced printed images.

Printing inks, usually in sets of four colors. The most frequent combination is yellow, magenta, cyan, and black, which are printed, one over another in that order, to obtain a colored print with the desired hues, whites, blacks, and grays.

Printing from two or more half tones to produce intermediate colors and shades.

Impression from composed type or blocks, taken for checking and correction, from a lithographic plate to check accuracy of layout, type matter, tone and color reproduction.

Papers with a complete or partial content of cotton fibers.

The term given to left-justified type that is uneven on the right.

Two consecutive pages as they appear in printed piece.

The odd numbered pages (right hand side) of books.

Any substance that softens and reduces the tack of ink.

The arrangement of two or more images in exact alignment with each other.

A term that denotes folds that are 90 degrees to each other.

That stage of printed ink where the maximum dryness is achieved, and the ink will not smudge.

A term given to copy that accommodates the lines of a picture or other image or copy.

A title at the top of a page that appears on all pages of a book or chapter of a book.

A paper that shows sign of erasure so that it cannot be altered or tampered with easily.

The enlargement or reduction of an image or copy to fit a specific area.

The placement of halftone screens to avoid unwanted moire patterns. Frequently used angles are black 45deg, magenta 75deg, yellow 90deg, and cyan 105deg.

A photo print made by using a halftone negative; also called a velox.

A cover made out of the same paper stock as the internal sheets.

To decrease the dot size of the halftone which in turn decreases the color strength.

Ink that is smooth and creamy but does not flow freely.

The guides on the sides of the sheet fed press that position the sheet sideways as the paper is led towards the front guides.

Printed sheet (or its flat) that consists of a number of pages of a book, placed so that they will fold and bind together as a section of a book. The printed sheet after folding.

Reference, brownline proof.

That quality of paper defined by its levelness which allows for pressure consistency in printing, assuring uniformity of print.

Back edge of a book.

Small area printed in a second color.

To bind a series of pages with wire staples such that staples enter from the front and back simultaneously, neither side being long enough to exit the opposite side.

A process of cutting many sheets from the same parent sheet in which the smaller sheets have different grain directions; also called dutch or bastard cutting.

A device on a printing press that minimizes the amount of static build up on paper as it passes through the press.

A proofreader's symbol that is usually written in the copy margin, that indicates that the copy, which was marked for correction, should be left as it was.

To add an element, such as copy that is shot separately, and then stripped into place on a goldenrod flat.

Impressing book covers, etc., by means of hot die, brass types or blocks.

Any petroleum based waterproof papers with a high tensile strength.

A dense, strong paper stock.

Lighter, more flexible kinds of stocks. Usually used for flyers, letterheads, brochures, booklet and manual pages, etc. Also referred to as Bond and Offset Text stocks. The weight numbers come from traditional paper mill standards, not necessary for this definition. The equivalent weights for Bond and Offset Text stocks are given below.
20 lb Bond = 50 lb Offset Text
24 lb Bond = 60 lb Offset Text
28 lb Bond = 70 lb Offset Text
32 lb Bond = 80 lb Offset Text
Offset Text stocks are available Uncoated and Coated.

A slower drier that dries the ink throughout without forming a hard crust.

A halftone screen that contains all the same sized dots.

A red pigment with poor bleed resistance.

Inks that do not block out the colored inks that they print over, but instead blend with them to create intermediate colors.

Marks placed on the sheet to indicate where to cut the page.

The difference in feel and appearance of either side of a sheet of paper due to the papermaking process having a felt and wire side.

A term used to describe how many similar sheets can be produced on a larger sheet; two up, four up, etc.

Also called a contact frame; used in the platemaking process to hold materials in tight contact during exposure.

A clear shiny ink used to add gloss to printed pieces. The primary component of the ink vehicle. Reference, vehicle.

A finish of paper that is rough, bulky and has a degree of tooth.

A photographic print which is made from a negative.

Fade to white or small decorative design or illustration. A photo or illustration etc., in which the tones fade gradually away until they blend with the surface they are printed on.

An abbreviation for work and turn.

The procedure of cleaning a particular ink from all of the printing elements (rollers, plate, ink fountain etc.) of a press.

The roll of paper that is used in web or rotary printing.

Cylinder printing machine in which the paper is fed from a continuous reel, as opposed to sheet fed.

A soft paper that is thick and holds up well under embossing.

A single word or two left at the end of a paragraph, or a part of a sentence ending a paragraph, which loops over to the next page and stands alone. Also, the last sentence of a paragraph which contains only one or two short words.

That side of the paper which lies on the wire screen side of the papermaking machine.

A smooth paper made on finely textured wire that gives the paper a gentle patterned finish.

Another name for bond paper.

The actual amount of force needed to start an ink flowing.